Mountains constitute a large percentage of the environment of Oman. The flora and fauna living in these mountains vary. Al Hajar Mountains are in the north of Oman and extend from the Musandam Peninsula in the north to Ras Al Hadd in Al Sharqiyah South Governorate. Wadi Samail divides it into two parts: east and west. Jabal Shams (Sun Mountain) summit is the highest point in the Al Hajar Mountains, rising at an altitude of 3,009 meters above sea level.

In the south, the mountains of the Dhofar region extend from east to west off Al Hillaniyat Islands. Samhan Mountain, which includes the Arabian Leopard Reserve in the east and Jabal Al Qamar (Moon Mountain) in the west, is the most prominent mountain range in the region, rising to an altitude of 2,500 meters.

Al Jabal Al Akhdar(Green Mountain)

This rises to a height of 2,980 metres and is famous for its wide plateau close to the summit. The journey from Muscat to Al Jabal Al Akhdar takes about two hours and can only be undertaken by four-wheel drive.

Al Jabal Al Akhdar is known for its Mediterranean climate. Temperatures drop during winter to below zero Celsius, with snow falling at times, and rise in summer to 22 degrees Celsius. Due to its location and unique weather, the Green Mountain produces a variety of fruits, such as apricots, plums, figs, grapes, apples and pears, as well as almonds, walnuts and saffron. The pomegranate that grows here is classified among the finest of its kind in the world.

Spread across the mountain are many Omani villages. Villagers have dug terraces in some parts of the mountain for growing crops

Samhan Mountain

Samhan Mountain is one of the most important mountain ranges in the Governorate of Dhofar, with a maximum height of 2,100 metres. Samhan Mountain includes many plateaus punctuated by narrow and deep gorges, some of which are about 1,000 metres deep.

Various plants grow in the plain of Jabal Samhan, such as acacia and gum trees. The narrow mountain passes have little water but there are a number of streams, which are an important source of water for most animals found in the region. Besides the Arabian leopard (considered a rare animal), these mountains are home to a number of other mammals such as the Arabian gazelle, foxes and the Nubian ibex.

Leopards are the animals that best adapt to the surrounding environment, and are often smaller and lighter in colour than their African counterparts. Arabian leopards have survived for a long time in the northern mountain range of the Arabian Peninsula.

Jabal Shams (Sun Mountain)

This is the highest peak in the Arabian Peninsula, rising to an altitude of 3,004 metres above sea level, and has a number of versants (slopes) and summits. Every time a tourist reaches a versant, he’ll find that it leads him to another, until he reaches the mountain peak.

Life on the summit is different from what most people are used to, as the weather is mild in summer and cold in winter. Close to the peak lies a deep chasm called the “An Nakhr Balcony”, one of the most beautiful places tourists visit. It is a deep ravine in the heart of the rocks that can be viewed from the top, which directly overlooks the ravine. At the bottom of the ravine rock formations chiselled into different forms by erosion lie at breathtaking depth.

Tourist guest houses have been built where the visitor can spend time enjoying the serenity of this scenic mountain.

Jabal Shams is so called because it is the first place to greet sunlight at dawn and the last to say farewell at dusk.

Natif- Hasik (Water Mountain)

Natef is the site of a spring located in Wilayt Sadah in Dhofar Governorate. The location of this spring is an extension of Samhan mountaintops, in particular the Natif region. Natif means distillation of water. This site is characterised by constantly dripping water from the sediments and pools present on the mountaintop.

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